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经济金融术语中英文对照表

时间:2007-09-10 10:40来源: 作者: 点击:
  

  经济金融术语汉英对照表A

  安全网 safety net

  按可比口径 on comparable basis

  按轻重缓急 to prioritize

  暗补 implicit subsidy

  暗亏 hidden loss

  经济金融术语汉英对照表B

  颁发营业执照 to license;to grant a licence to

  办理存款业务 to take deposits

  保护农民的生产积极性 to protect farmers'incentive to produce

  备付金(超额准备金) excess reserves

  本外币并账 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts

  本外币对冲操作 sterilization operation

  本位利益 localized interest;departmentalism

  奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do

  避税(请见“逃税”) tax avoidance

  币种搭配不当 currency mismatch

  币种构成 currency composition

  变相社会集资 disguised irregular(or illegal) fund raising

  表外科目(业务) off-balance-sheet items(operation)

  薄弱环节 weaknesses;loopholes

  不变成本 fixed cost

  不变价 at constant price;in real terms

  不动产 real estate

  不良贷款(资产) problem loans;non-performing loans(assets)

  经济金融术语汉英对照表C

  财务公司 finance companies

  财政赤字 fiscal deficit

  财政挤银行 fiscal pressure on the central bank(over monetary policy)

  财政政策与货币政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies

  采取循序渐进的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner

  操作弹性 operational flexibility

  操纵汇率 to manipulate exchange rate

  产品构成 product composition;product mix

  产品积压 stock pile;excessive inventory

  产销率 current period inventory;(即期库存,不含前期库存)sales/output ratio

  产销衔接 marketability

  产业政策 industrial policy

  长期国债 treasury bonds

  敞口头寸 open position

  炒股 to speculate in the stock market

  承购包销 underwrite(securities)

  成套机电产品 complete sets of equipment;complete plant(s)

  城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives(UCCs)

  城市合作银行 urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks

  城市商业银行 municipal commercial banks

  城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅 real growth in household income

  持续升温 persistent overheating

  重复布点 duplicate projects

  重置成本 replacement cost

  重组计划 restructuring plan

  筹资渠道 funding sources;financing channels

  初见成效 initial success

  出口统一管理、归口经营 canalization of exports

  出口退税 export tax rebate

  储蓄存款 household deposits(不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits,前者包括活期存款,后者不包括。)

  储蓄分流 diversion of household deposits

  储源萎缩 decline in the availability of household savings

  传导机制 transmission mechanism

  从价税 ad valorem tax

  从紧控制 tight control

  存贷款比例 loan/deposit ratio

  存款保险体系 deposit insurance system

  存款货币银行 deposit money banks

  存款准备金 required reserves

  经济金融术语汉英对照表D

  打白条 issue IOU

  大额存单 certificate of deposit(CD)

  大额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts

  大面积滑坡 wide-spread decline

  大一统的银行体制 (all-in-one)mono-bank system

  呆账(请见“坏账”) bad loans

  呆账准备金 loan loss reserves(provisions)

  呆滞贷款 idle loans

  贷款沉淀 non-performing loans

  贷款分类 loan classification

  贷款限额管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling

  贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary(constraint)mechanism

  代理国库 to act as fiscal agent

  代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions

  戴帽贷款 ear-marked loans

  倒逼机制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition

  道德风险 moral hazard

  地区差别 regional disparity

  第一产业 the primary industry

  第二产业 the secondary industry

  第三产业 the service industry;the tertiary industry

  递延资产 deferrable assets

  订货不足 insufficient orders

  定期存款 time deposits

  定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources

  东道国(请见“母国”) host country

  独立核算 independent accounting

  短期国债 treasury bills

  对冲操作 sterilization operation;hedging

  对非金融部门债权 claims on non-financial sector

  多种所有制形式 diversified ownership

  经济金融术语汉英对照表E

  恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation

  二级市场 secondary market

  经济金融术语汉英对照表F

  发行货币 to issue currency

  发行总股本 total stock issue

  法定准备金 required reserves;reserve requirement

  法人股 institutional shares

  法人股东 institutional shareholders

  法治 rule of law

  房地产投资 real estate investment

  放松银根 to ease monetary policy

  非现场稽核 off-site surveillance(or monitoring)

  非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions

  非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations

  分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system

  分业经营 segregation of financial business(services);division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions

  风险暴露(风险敞口) risk exposure

  风险管理 risk management

  风险意识 risk awareness

  风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios

  风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard

  服务事业收入 public service charges;user's charges

  扶贫 poverty alleviation

  负增长 negative growth

  复式预算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account

  经济金融术语汉英对照表G

  改革试点 reform experimentation

  杠杆率 leverage ratio

  杠杆收购 leveraged buyout

  高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest

  个人股 non-institutional shares

  根本扭转 fundamental turnaround(or reversal)

  公开市场操作 open market operations

  公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts

  公用事业 public utilities

  公有经济 the state-owned sector;the public sector

  公有制 public ownership

  工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio

  工业增加值 industrial value added

  供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply

  鼓励措施 incentives

  股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises

  股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises

  股份制银行 joint-equity banks

  固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans

  关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption

  关税减让 tariff concessions

  关税优惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment

  规范行为 to regularize(or standardize)…behavior

  规模效益 economies of scale

  国计民生 national interest and people's livelihood

  国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals

  国家风险 country risk

  国际分工 international division of labor

  国际收支 balance of payments

  国有独资商业银行 wholly state-owned commercial banks

  国有经济(部门) the state-owned(or public)sector

  国有企业 state-owned enterprises(SOEs)

  国有制 state-ownership

  国有资产流失 erosion of state assets

  国债回购 government securities repurchase

  国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities

  过度竞争 excessive competition

  过度膨胀 excessive expansion

  过热迹象 signs of overheating

  经济金融术语汉英对照表H

  合理预期 rational expectation

  核心资本 core capital

  合资企业 joint-venture enterprises

  红利 dividend

  宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance

  宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals

  宏观调控 macroeconomic management(or adjustment)

  宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives(or targets)

  坏账 bad debt

  还本付息 debt service

  换汇成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings

  汇兑在途 funds in float

  汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank

  汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates

  活期存款 demand deposits

  汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment

  混合所有制 diversified(mixed)ownership

  货币政策态势 monetary policy stance

  货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers

  经济金融术语汉英对照表J

  基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure

  基本经济要素 economic fundamentals

  基本适度 broadly appropriate

  基准利率 benchmark interest rate

  机关团体存款 deposits of non-profit institutions

  机会成本 opportunity cost

  激励机制 incentive mechanism

  积压严重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory

  挤提存款 run on banks

  挤占挪用 unwarranted diversion of(financial)resources(from designated uses)

  技改投资 investment in technological upgrading

  技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product

  计划单列市 municipalities with independent planning status

  计划经济 planned economy

  集体经济 the collective sector

  加大结构调整力度 to intensify structural adjustment

  加工贸易 processing trade

  加快态势 accelerating trend

  加强税收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration

  加权价 weighted average price

  价格放开 price liberalization

  价格形成机制 pricing mechanism

  减亏 to reduce losses

  简化手续 to cut red tape;to simplify(streamline)procedures

  交投活跃 brisk trading

  缴存准备金 to deposit required reserves

  结构扭曲 structural distortion

  结构失调 structural imbalance

  结构性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance

  结构优化 structural improvement(optimization)

  结汇、售汇 sale and purchase of foreign exchange

  金融脆弱 financial fragility

  金融动荡 financial turbulence

  金融风波 financial disturbance

  金融恐慌 financial panic

  金融危机 financial crisis

  金融压抑 financial repression

  金融衍生物 financial derivatives

  金融诈骗 financial fraud

  紧缩银根 to tighten monetary policy

  紧缩政策 austerity policies;tight financial policies

  经常账户可兑换 current account convertibility

  经济特区 special economic zones(SEZs)

  经济体制改革 economic reform

  经济增长方式的转变 change in the main source of economic growth(from investment expansion to efficiency gains)

  经济增长减速 economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth

  经济制裁 economic sanction

  经营自主权 autonomy in management

  景气回升 recovery in business activity
 
  境外投资 overseas investment

  竞争加剧 intensifying competition

  局部性金融风波 localized(isolated)financial disturbance

  经济金融术语汉英对照表K

  开办人民币业务 to engage in RMB business

  可维持(可持续)经济增长 sustainable economic growth

  可变成本 variable cost

  可自由兑换货币 freely convertible currency

  控制现金投放 control currency issuance

  扣除物价因素 in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis

  库存产品 inventory

  跨国银行业务 cross-border banking

  跨年度采购 cross-year procurement

  会计准则 accounting standard

  经济金融术语汉英对照表L

  来料加工 processing of imported materials for export

  离岸银行业务 off-shore banking(business)

  理顺外贸体制 to rationalize foreign trade regime

  利率杠杆的调节作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation

  利润驱动 profit-driven

  利息回收率 interest collection ratio

  联行清算 inter-bank settlement

  连锁企业 franchise(businesses);chain businesses

  良性循环 virtuous cycle

  两极分化 growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution

  零售物价指数 retail price index(RPI)

  流动性比例 liquidity ratio

  流动资产周转率/流通速度 velocity of liquid assets

  流动资金贷款 working capital loans

  流通体制 distribution system

  流通网络 distribution network

  留购(租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物) hire purchase

  垄断行业 monopolized industry(sector)

  乱集资 irregular(illegal)fund raising

  乱收费 irregular(illegal)charges

  乱摊派 unjustified(arbitrary)levies

  经济金融术语汉英对照表M

  买方市场 buyer's market

  卖方市场 seller's market

  卖出回购证券 matched sale of repo

  贸易差额 trade balance

  民间信用 non-institutionalized credit

  免二减三 exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years

  明补 explicit subsidy

  明亏 explicit loss

  名牌产品 brand products

  母国(请见“东道国”) home country

  经济金融术语汉英对照表N

  内部控制 internal control

  内部审计 internal audit

  内地与香港 the mainland and Hong Kong

  内债 domestic debt

  扭亏为盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one

  扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources

  农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement

  农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives(RCCs)

  经济金融术语汉英对照表P

  泡沫效应 bubble effect

  泡沫经济 bubble economy

  培育新的经济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth

  片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth

  平衡发展 balanced development

  瓶颈制约 bottleneck(constraints)

  平稳回升 steady recovery

  铺底流动资金 initial(start-up)working capital

  普遍回升 broad-based recovery

  配套改革 concomitant(supporting)reforms

  配套人民币资金 local currency funding of…

  经济金融术语汉英对照表Q

  企业办社会 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities

  企业集团战略 corporate group strategy

  企业兼并重组 company merger and restructuring

  企业领导班子 enterprise management

  企业所得税 enterprise(corporate)income tax

  企业效益 corporate profitability

  企业资金违规流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market

  欠税 tax arrears

  欠息 overdue interest

  强化税收征管 to strengthen tax administration

  强制措施 enforcement action

  翘尾因素 carryover effect

  切一刀 partial application

  清理收回贷款 clean up and recover loans

  (破产)清算 liquidation

  倾斜政策 preferential policy

  区别对待 differential treatment

  趋势加强 intensifying trend

  全球化 globalization

  权益回报率 returns on equity(ROE)

  缺乏后劲 unsustainable momentum

  经济金融术语汉英对照表R

  绕规模贷款 to circumvent credit ceiling

  人均国内生产总值 per capita GDP

  人均收入 per capita income

  人民币升值压力 upward pressure on the Renminbi(exchange rate)

  认缴资本 subscribed capital

  软贷款 soft loans

  软预算约束 soft budget constraint

  软着陆 soft landing

  经济金融术语汉英对照表S

  三角债 chain debts;inter-enterprise arrears

  善政廉政 good governance

  商业贷款 commercial loans

  上市公司 (publicly)listed corporations

  设备利用 capacity utilization

  社会保障 social safety net;social security(insurance)

  深层次矛盾 deep-rooted structural imbalance

  审批金融机构 to license financial institutions

  审慎监管 prudential supervision

  生产能力闲置 unutilized capacity

  生息资产 interest-bearing assets

  实际利用外资 disbursement of foreign capital;actual inflow of foreign investment

  实际有效汇率 real effective exchange rate

  实时 real time

  实收资本 paid-in capital

  实现利润 realized profit

  市场分割 market segmentation

  市场经济 market economy

  市场占有率(市场份额) market share

  市场准入 market access(指商品和劳务的进入);market entry(指机构的审批)

  市价总值 market capitalization

  适度从紧 appropriately tight

  适时调节 timely adjustment

  收回对金融机构贷款 to recall central bank loans (to financial institutions)

  税后还贷 amortization(repayment of loans)after tax

  税收流失 tax erosion

  税源不足 weak tax base

  私营经济(私人经济) the private sector

  私有制 private ownership

  所有者权益 owner's equity

  经济金融术语汉英对照表T

  逃税(请见“避税”) tax evasion

  套汇 (1)指合法:currency swap;arbitrage(2)指非法:illegal purchase of foreign exchange
  
  剔除季节性因素 seasonally adjusted

  调节流动性 to influence liquidity level

  贴现窗口 discount window

  同比 on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year

  同业拆借(放) inter-bank borrowing(lending)

  同业拆借市场利率(中国) CHIBOR(China inter-bank offered rate)

  同业融通票据 inter-bank financing bills

  同业往来 inter-bank transactions

  透支 overdraft

  退税 tax refund(rebate)

  头寸 position

  吞吐基础货币 adjustment of monetary base

  脱媒现象 disintermediation

  经济金融术语汉英对照表W

  外部审计 external audit

  外国直接投资 foreign direct investment (FDI)

  外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves

  外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap

  外汇占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings

  外向型经济 export-oriented economy

  外债 external debt

  外资企业 foreign-funded enterprises

  完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system

  完税凭证 tax payment documentation

  违法经营 illegal business

  委托存款 entrusted deposits

  稳步增长 steady growth

  稳健的银行系统 a sound banking system

  稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability

  无纸交易 book-entry(or paperless/s criptless)transaction

  物价监测 price monitoring

  经济金融术语汉英对照表X

  吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity

  稀缺经济 scarcity economy

  洗钱 money laundering

  系统内调度 fund allocation within a bank

  系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis

  下岗工人 laid-off employees

  下游企业 down-stream enterprises

  现场稽核 on-site examination

  现金滞留(居民手中) cash held outside the banking system

  乡镇企业 township and village enterprises(TVEs)

  消费物价指数 consumer price index(CPI)

  消费税 excise(consumption)tax

  消灭财政赤字 to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit

  销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system

  销售平淡 lackluster sales

  协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment

  新经济增长点 new sources of economic growth

  新开工项目 new projects;newly started projects

  新增贷款 incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion

  新增就业位置 new jobs;new job opportunities

  信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings

  信号失真 distorted signals

  信托投资公司 trust and investment companies

  信息不对称 information asymmetry

  信息反馈 feedback(information)

  信息共享系统 information sharing system

  信息披露 information disclosure

  信用扩张 credir expansion

  信用评级 credit rating

  姓“资”还是姓“社” pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist

  行政措施 administrative measures

  需求膨胀 demand expansion; excessive demand

  虚伪存款 window-dressing deposits

  削减冗员 to shed excess labor force

  寻租 rent seeking

  迅速反弹 quick rebound

  经济金融术语汉英对照表Y

  养老基金 pension fund

  一刀切 universal application;non-discretionary implementation

  一级市场 primary market

  应收未收利息 overdue interest

  银行网点 banking outlets

  赢利能力 profitability

  营业税 business tax

  硬贷款(商业贷款) commercial loans

  用地审批 to grant land use right

  有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate

  证券投资 portfolio investment

  游资(热钱) hot money

  有市场的产品 marketable products

  有效供给 effective supply

  诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion

  逾期贷款 overdue loans;past-due loans

  与国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted

  与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market

  预算外支出(收入) off-budget (extra-budgetary) expenditure(revenue)

  预调 pre-emptive adjustment

  月环比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis

  经济金融术语汉英对照表Z

  再贷款 central bank lending

  在国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions

  在人行存款 deposits at (with) the central bank

  在途资金 fund in float

  增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture

  增势减缓 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum

  增收节支措施 revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures

  增长平稳 steady growth

  增值税 value-added tax(VAT)

  涨幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth

  账外账 concealed accounts

  折旧 depreciation

  整顿 retrenchment;consolidation

  政策工具 policy instrument

  政策性业务 policy-related operations

  政策性银行 policy banks

  政策组合 policy mix

  政府干预 government intervention

  证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions

  证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase

  支付困难 payment difficulty

  支付能力 payment capacity

  直接调控方式向 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments

  间接调控方式转变职能转换 transformation of functions

  职业道德 professional ethics

  指令性措施 mandatory measures

  指令性计划 mandatory plan;administered plan

  制定和实施货币政策 to conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy

  滞后影响 lagged effect

  中介机构 intermediaries

  中央与地方财政 delineation of fiscal responsibilities

  分灶吃饭重点建设 key construction projects;key investment project

  周期谷底 bottom(trough)of business cycle

  周转速度 velocity

  主办银行 main bank

  主权风险 sovereign risk

  注册资本 registered capital

  逐步到位 to phase in;phased implementation

  逐步取消 to phase out

  抓大放小 to seize the big and free the small(to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition)

  专款专用 use of funds as ear-marked

  转贷 on-lending

  转轨经济 transition economy

  转机 turnaround

  转折关头 turning point

  准财政赤字 quasi-fiscal deficit

  准货币 quasi-money

  资本不足 under-capitalized

  资本充足率 capital adequacy ratio

  资本利润率 return on capital

  资本账户可兑换 capital account convertibility

  资不抵债 insolvent;insolvency

  资产负债表 balance sheet

  资产负债率 liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets

  资产集中 asset concentration

  资产贡献率 asset contribution factor

  资产利润率 return on assets (ROA)

  资产质量 asset quality

  资产组合 asset portfolio

  资金成本 cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost

  资金到位 fully funded (project)

  资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds

  资金利用率 fund utilization rate

  资金缺口 financing gap

  资金体外循环 financial disintermediation

  资金占压 funds tied up

  自筹投资项目 self-financed projects

  自有资金 equity fund

  综合国力 overall national strength(often measured by GDP)

  综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator

  综合治理 comprehensive adjustment(retrenchment);over-haul

  总成交额 total contract value

  总交易量 total amount of transactions

  总成本 total cost

  最后贷款人 lender of last resort

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