x 1、 商业发票(Commercial Invoice),是记帐单据简称发票(Invoice),是出口商向进口商开立的发货价目清单,也是卖方凭以向买方索取所提供的货物或服务的价款的依据。商业发票是全套单据的中心。
2、商业发票的作用
1)、商业发票是全部单据的中心,是出口商装运货物并表明是否履约的总说明。
2)、便于进口商核对已发货物是否符合合同条款的规定。
3)、作为出口商和进口商记帐的依据。
4)、在出口地和进口地作为报关缴税的计算依据。
5)、在不用汇票的情况下,发票替代汇票作为付款的依据。
3、商业发票的种类
1)、领事发票(Consular Invoice)
有些国家法令规定,进口货物必须要领取进口国在出口国或其邻近地区的领事签证的发票,交进口商作为有关货物报关和缴纳关税的前提条件之一。 领事发票和商业发票是平等的单据。领事发票是一份官方的单证,有些国家规定了领事发票的固定格式,这种格式可以从领事馆获得。
2)、海关发票(Customs Invoice)
海关发票是非洲、美洲和大洋洲等某些国家海关规定的格式,由出口商填制,供进口商凭以
报关用的一种特别的发票。其主要内容是商品的价值(Value of Goods)和商品的产地(Origin of Goods)。
3)、厂商发票(Manufacturer Invoice)
厂商发票是厂方出具给出口商的销售货物的凭证。来证要求提供厂商发票,其目的是检查是否有削价倾销行为,以便确定应否征收"反倾销税"。
4、商业发票条款
商业发票是出口单据中的中心单据,所有其他单据都要参照商业发票的有关内容缮制,如各种单据中的货名,唛头、包装、数量、毛净重等都要与商业发票相一致。如果商业发票缮制有误,其它单据也就跟着发生差错,尤其是信用证项下的商业发票,必须准确而全面的体现各有关条款的具体要求,因此,在缮制发票时,正确理解信用证条款是非常必要的。
例21 Note carefully the description of the commodities in the credit since it must be described in exactly the same terms 1n your documents. 此条款要求受益人必须十分注意信用证中的商品描述,出口人提供的发票必须与信用证的规定完全一致。
例22 Invoice made out in name of applicant. Applicant:By order of XYZ Bank for account Of ABC Co. 上述条款,在开证人中有根据XYZ银行的指示代ABC公司开证,像这样词句,发票抬头只要做ABC公司即可,但也有的议付行要求将"XYZ Bank for account of“也照打。由于各地议付行掌握不一,最好与议付行取得一致意见后再行制单。
例23 Invoices specifying type of garments,component material of chief value and net weight per dozen for each size。 这是美国来证的条款,要求发票中必须注明服装的式样,所用原料的主要成份和每种尺码中每打的净重。所谓主要成份是指棉的或是人造纤维的,如CVC即 chief value of cotton; CVS即chief value of sythentic fibre。来证规定注明每打商品的净重,是因为有些商品的配额,是按原料的净重计算的。
例24 Combined documents not acceptable. 不接受“联合单据”。联合单据是指发票与装箱单/重量单和产地证明书合并在一起的单据,并非指联合运输单据(Combined Transport Documents).
例25 Facsimile signatures are acceptable only on duplicate of invoice only. 此条款规定模拟式签字只能用于副本发票上,也就是说正本发票必须手签。(按签字式样制成的橡皮章属于模拟式签字)。
例26 Invoice must bear the Developing Country Declaration. 澳大利亚来证中,要求在发票上必须声明自发展中国家来的商品必须是本国产品,以便该国海关给予优惠的税率。所谓发展中国家的声明是: . I declare that the final process of manufacture Of the goods for which special rates are claimed has been performed in China and that not less than one—half Of the factory or work cost Of the goods is represented by the value Of labour and materials Of China.
例27 Commercial invoice must show the amount Of ocean freight from China tO U.S.A.Ports. 商业发票必须表示出从中国至美国口岸的海洋运费金额。这是为了进口海关审查进口货物的F.O.B.价值和所列运费是否合理,因此运费的数字应力求正确。
例28 Commercial invoice certifying at the same time origin Of goods, contents are true and authentic, prices correct and current, that it is the only invoice issued for the goods described therein and mentioning that it is their exact value without any deduction Of payment in advance.One original copy must be certified by CCPIT and legalized by Lebanese Consulate if available at bene— ficiaries location. 本条款要求受益人在发票中同时证明: <1)货物的产地, (2)发票的内容是真 实的, (3)价格是正确的; (4)它是为所述货物签发的唯一发票, (5)所列为实 价并未扣除任何预收款项。发票正本须由贸促会证明,如当地有黎巴嫩领事馆的,须领 事认证。
例29 Beneficiary must make the statement On invoice:"We certify that each piece/each packing unit Of the goods has an undetachable label which shows‘Made in China’words" 上述条款是要求受益人在发票上证明货物的每件或每个包装单位都附有不可分离的 有“中国制造”字样的标签。发票上须有此声明,这是当地海关对进口货物管制的规 定,必须照办。
例30 Commercial invoices issued for amounts in excess Of the amount permitted by the credit are not acceptable,The gross FOB/CIF/C&F/CIP value of the goods before de— duction Of Agent’s commission if any,must not exceed the credit amount. 商业发票超过信用证金额是不接受的,如果FOB,CIF,C&F或CIP的毛值内含有代理人佣金,在未减除前,不得超过信用证金额。
例3l Commercial invoice must be identified by a responsible individual who has knowledge Of,Or can readliy obtain knowledge Of the facts Of the transaction,and must be an employee Of the exporter. 此条款见于美国休斯顿银行的来证,要求在发票上必须由出口人的一个负责的雇员以个人具名证明他知道有关这发票交易的情况或可立即了解此交易的事实者。根据此条款要求,我发票上可加打如下文句: I,the chief clerk Of Cotton Garment Department,has the knowledge Of the facts Of this transaction.(Signature)
例32 Commercial invoice must identify the country Of origin, list all goods and services furnished for production Of the merchandise not already included in the invoice price。 此条款摘自客供辅料生产服装的信用证中,条款中的goods一字,是指辅料,发票上列明辅料及劳务成本,其作用是使进口人在报关时不致被认为价格偏低,引起倾销误会。
例33 Photo copy Of a laboratory flammability test and a signed statement(original,not a copy)by an officer Of supplier—shipper that the tendered Laboratory Flammability Test Report(s), (a) covers the merchandise being shipped under the pertinent L/C, (b)represents passing compliance with the flammability standard (16 CFR Part 1610,Dec.30,1973,originally effective from lan.30,1953),and(c)is in persuance to and in compliance with the supplier’s flammability guaranty document previously submitted tO the buyer. 美国某进口商购买我服装毛针织品要求我货必须符合美国易燃纺织物法的检验标 准。具体做法是出口人事先提供船样给进口人,进口人将船样交香港的检验所检验,取 得合格报告寄出口人,出口人据此备货出运,交单时根据以上信用证条款提供: (1)检验所签发的易燃检验报告正本影印本(即进口商寄来的香港检验所的合格报告), (2)出口单位负责人员签署的声明书,声明提供的易燃检验报告书是a.属有关信用证项下装运的货物,b.经过检验符合易燃标准,c.与业已提供给买户的易燃保证书是一致的。 此声明书格式以及业已提供给买户的易燃保证书均由美商寄来,出口单位只要按式填写和签署即可。
例34 Packages and containers made Of vegetable substances, particularly wood should be free from insects,blights and infections. 此条款是澳大利亚及新西兰来证中见到的,要求在发票上证明包装和容器 (container)如使用植物性的原料,特别是木材必须是无虫害,细菌和传染病的,出口 人在发票上作相应的说明。如:“Package is not made Of vegetable substances.”
5、商业发票样本
Invoice
Correspondence address: Telephone: 033-2983084
P. O. Box 789 Facsimile: 033-2983083
3788 GC Bunsten Telex: 76471
Holland
Contract no.: CH/99/66.908
L/C no.:LC88E0074/99
Invoice no. 10823 Date: Sept. 13, 1999
Terms of delivery |
CIF Zhongshan | |||
Time of shipment |
September 15, 1999 | |||
Weight |
Gross weight: 121380.00 kgs Net weight: 119000.00 kgs | |||
Shipment |
From Rotterdam to Zhongshan, with mv Sea Nordica and Lindoe Maersk | |||
Description of merchandise |
Quantity |
Unit Price |
Curr. Amount | |
DEMENERALIZED WHEY POWDEROrigin: Finland Packing: 25kg in 4-ply paper sacks with inner polyethylene liner and big bags Payment: 90 days after B/L date (due date: 14-12-1999) SHIPPING MARK: CH/99/66.908 |
119.00 Mt |
IN USD 990.00/Mt |
IN USD 111860.00
CIFZhongshan |